The Maoist and Naxalite movements in the country are mostly)- rooted in the government's failure to guarantee the basic norms of a democratic state to a large section of the country's population, particularly in rural regions and remote villages. This explains why these parallel extremist movements are mainly spread across the remotest villages in the country many such villages an e home to various tribal groups. These communities depend upon forest and agricultural produce for their survival. Owing to negligent government policies and the drastic exploitation of natural and forest resources, with complete disregard for the population that depended up on these products for hundreds of generations, large sections of the rural population have lost both their habitat and livelihood options. This book is being published during the ceasefire of a conflict that has shaken India, China and Nepal's political, social and economic structures to the core. This book concludes that the only way to bring about a lasting peace and prevent more insurgencies rising up in the future is to build a state that attends equally to the interests of all of India, China and Nepal's diverse population groups.