This volume is devoted to the central themes in Ivan Szelenyi's sociological oeuvre, comprising empirical explorations and their theoretical refinement over the last 50 years. The contributors take interpretive and critical stances on his work, successfully clarifying the relevance of his insights. Taken together, their writing describes Szelenyi's rigorous scholarship as grounded in a complex program for the political economy of socialisms and post-socialist capitalisms, and introduces him as a neoclassical sociologist whose research projects continue to investigate inequalities created by the interaction of markets and redistributive structures in various societies. The volume includes a conclusion by Ivan Szelenyi, wherein he responds to the reflections presented by the book's contributors. Contributors include: Dorothee Bohle, Tamas Demeter, Gil Eyal, Bela Greskovits, Michael D. Kennedy, Tamas Kolosi, Karmo Kroos, Victor Nee, David Ost, Ivan Szelenyi, and Bruce Western.