The history of the so-called Canmore kings in Scotland, from the reign of Malcolm lll (1058–1093) down to that of Alexander lll (1249–1286), is marked by an array of insurrections led by discontented dynasts and native warlords with grievances against these kings. Although none of the challenges ultimately proved successful, they nevertheless form a much-neglected theme across a formative era of Scottish history, which they in part define.