The United States is steeped in guns, gun violence — and gun debates. As arguments rage on, one issue has largely been overlooked—Americans who support gun control turn to the police as enforcers of their preferred policies, but the police themselves disproportionately support gun rights over gun control. Yet who do the police believe should get gun access? When do they pursue aggressive enforcement of gun laws? And what part does race play in all of this? Policing the Second Amendment unravels the complex relationship between the police, gun violence, and race. Rethinking the terms of the gun debate, Jennifer Carlson shows how the politics of guns cannot be understood—or changed—without considering how the racial politics of crime affect police attitudes about guns.

Drawing on local and national newspapers, interviews with close to eighty police chiefs, and a rare look at gun licensing processes, Carlson explores the ways police talk about guns, and how firearms are regulated in different parts of the country. Examining how organisations such as the National Rifle Association have influenced police perspectives, she describes a troubling paradox of guns today — while colour-blind laws grant civilians unprecedented rights to own, carry, and use guns, people of colour face an all-too-visible system of gun criminalisation. This racialised framework — undergirding who is 'a good guy with a gun' versus 'a bad guy with a gun' — informs and justifies how police understand and pursue public safety.

Policing the Second Amendment demonstrates that the terrain of gun politics must be reevaluated if there is to be any hope of mitigating further tragedies.