Offering an innovative framework, this book helps teachers learn how to use classroom artifacts to assess students' mathematical thinking and students' understanding of mathematical content.

Teachers need to be able to diagnose what their students do and don't understand about mathematics. This book helps teachers become more analytic about their students' thinking by showing them how to use student artifacts to evaluate what is happening in the classroom. Focusing on elementary through middle grades, chapters investigate what classroom artifacts are, how to interpret them and ways to use these data to improve mathematics instruction.